... in older adults with and without T2D.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban community of Hyde Park, north of New York City. Three hundred healthy community-dwelling people over 55 years of age participated in the study. They had no history of T2D, stroke, or other illness, and their level of physical activity was classified into two groups.

One group consisted of non-T2D individuals who had average levels of physical activity and the other group consisted of T2D individuals who had low physical activity levels. The cognitive function of these individuals was evaluated according to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the digit span test. The results indicated that the mean of the digit span test score for the T2D individuals was significantly lower than that for the non-T2D individuals (P<0.001). Moreover, the MMSE score showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05).

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Among the physical activity variable, the frequency of physical activity was positively correlated with the scores of MMSE and digit span (r:0.27, P<0.001; r:0.24, P<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the frequency of physical activity was negatively correlated with the scores of digit span (r: 0.19, P< 0.001). The frequency of physical activity is an influential factor on cognitive function in older adults with and without T2D. Thus, the frequency of physical activity should be considered in cognitive functional training.